The Journey to Becoming a Doctor – MBBS vs. MD (Key Differences and Career Paths)

 Doctors play a crucial role in maintaining public health, diagnosing diseases, and saving lives. However, the path to becoming a doctor varies depending on the degree pursued—MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) or MD (Doctor of Medicine). While MBBS is the foundational medical degree, MD allows for specialization. This article explores the differences, career prospects, and how to choose the right path.

What is MBBS?

MBBS is an undergraduate medical degree that qualifies graduates as general physicians.

Key Features:

• Duration: Typically 5.5 years (including a 1-year internship).
• Curriculum:
  • Pre-clinical: Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry.
  • Para-clinical: Pathology, Pharmacology, Microbiology.
  • Clinical: Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, OB/GYN.
• Licensing Exams:
  • India: NEET-UG → FMGE (for foreign graduates).
  • USA: USMLE Steps 1 & 2.
  • UK: PLAB exam.

After MBBS, graduates can work as general practitioners (GPs) or pursue postgraduate studies (MD/MS).

What is MD?

MD is a postgraduate specialization in fields like Cardiology, Neurology, or Radiology.

Key Features:

• Duration: 3 years (residency included in some countries).
• Specializations:
  • Clinical: Internal Medicine, Dermatology, Psychiatry.
  • Non-Clinical: Pathology, Radiology.
• Research Component: Many MD programs require a thesis or dissertation.

MBBS vs. MD – Key Differences

FactorMBBSMDDegree Level | Undergraduate | Postgraduate
Duration | 5.5 years | 3 years (after MBBS)
Career Scope | General Physician | Specialist (e.g., Surgeon)
Salary | Moderate (₹5-10 LPA in India) | High (₹15-30 LPA+)

Which Path Should You Choose?

• MBBS is ideal if you want to start practicing early.
• MD is better for specialization and higher earnings.
• Global Recognition: MD is preferred in the US, while MBBS is standard in the UK and India.